tutorials1927 - National Education System, we often hear and talk about it, or even criticize. But what exactly is and how it is not necessarily everyone understands correctly. This article is intended to provide a basic understanding of the little system of our national education, essentially what, strata, levels, and the track is like, how the scope and purpose.
By definition, function and purpose of national education of the Republic of Indonesia is to develop skills and character development and a dignified civilization in order to educate the nation. Aiming for the development of students' potentials to become a man of faith and fear of God Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, capable, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and responsible.
- Paths of Education
National educational path is covering, elementary, middle, high, and nonformal.
Level of Basic Education is a national education program in Indonesia underlying secondary level. In supporting the implementation of basic education, government and local governments guarantee the implementation of compulsory education for every citizen over the age of 6 (six) years in primary education free of charge. In this case the government also has a responsibility in terms of management, development, procurement, and coaching. The Government through the ministry (MONE), can also be a good partner with the academic award, achievement scholarships, etc.
Forms and levels of school education consists of education Elementary School (SD) or Ibtida'iyah Madrasah (MI), Junior High School (SMP), and MTs (MTs), as well as other forms of equals.
Secondary education is a national advanced level of basic education, which consists of general and vocational secondary, that is to say, graduate school / elementary level (elementary and secondary) will be followed by a mid-level. As for the shape, as has been common around us, namely;
1. High School (SMA),
2. Madrasah Aliyah (MA),
3. Vocational High School (SMK), and
4. Vocational Madrasah Aliyah (MAK), or other equivalent form.
Higher Education, as the name implies, is a scientific level up to the intermediate level. Includes a diploma, undergraduate, master's, specialist, and doctoral organized by the college. The shape can vary, such as; colleges, polytechnics, colleges, institutes, universities. As a high level, PT is obliged to provide education, research, and community service. Higher education can also organize a program of academic, professional, and / or vocational.
In addition to the above national education program, there are levels that are not included in the order of the formal level, ie, non-formal or non-formal education.
Non-formal education, or sometimes referred to as the outside lane of the school, organized for residents who require educational services as a substitute, enhancer, and / or complement formal education in order to support lifelong. This serves to develop the potential of learners with an emphasis on the mastery of knowledge and functional skills and the development of professional attitude and personality. That is an education geared to instill a certain competence in particular, form the professionals who have special abilities in accordance with the curriculum and plan seerta education units concerned by each operator.
There are several forms and types of national non-formal education, including life skills, early childhood, youth, women's empowerment, literacy, skills training and employment, equality, as well as other education aimed at developing the ability of learners.
Non-formal education can be organized by the institute courses, training institutes, study groups, community learning center, and taklim assemblies, as well as similar educational unit.
Courses and training programs organized for the people who require the provision of knowledge, skills, life skills, and attitudes to develop themselves, to develop the profession, work, independent business, and / or continuing education to a higher level.
The results of non-formal education can be appreciated on par with the results after the formal program through assessment of equivalency by the agency designated by the Government or Local Government with reference to the national standard of education.
Informal education is education conducted by the family and the environment or well is the path of school education, in the form of learning activities independently. Results of this pathway can be recognized at the formal and non-formal education after students pass the exam in accordance with national education standards.
In addition to some form of formal, non-formal, or informal above, there are also other forms of education that will be explained definitively. The forms of education are;
Early Childhood Education (ECD), is a program held prior to primary education and can be organized through formal, non-formal and / or informal. Formal pathway is TK and RA or other forms equivalent. Non-formal form is Playgroup (KB), Daycare (TPA) and other forms of equals. In the form of informal, family education or training is organized by the environment.
State education is a professional education program organized by a non-ministerial government department or agency. Works to increase the ability and skills (human resources) in the execution of official duties for employees and prospective public servants a non-ministerial government department or agency and can be held both formal and informal.
Religious education is education program organized by the Government and / or groups of believers, according to the legislation. Can be held in formal, non-formal, and informal. Religious education can be shaped diniyah, boarding, pasraman, pabhaja novice, and other similar forms.
Distance Education serves to provide educational services to groups of people who can not attend face-to-face education or regular. Can be held in a variety of forms, modes, and coverage facilities and services supported by learning and assessment system which ensures the quality of graduates in accordance with national education standards.
Special Education and Special Services is a program for students who have difficulty in following the learning process because of physical, emotional, mental, intellectual, social, and / or have the potential of intelligence and special talents. Special service program is a program for students in remote areas or underdeveloped, remote indigenous communities, and / or natural disasters, social upheavals, and not capable of in terms of economics.
The things above are forms, lines and strata of our national education. The obligations and other regulations have also been regulated by the government. Regarding the announcement of new admissions or student, at every level, the government has also implemented a system of school year. In other fields, such as teaching methods, teaching techniques, contests, or other announcements are developed in accordance with the basic teaching methods and curriculum that have been set by the government. Especially for the National Examination problems, until today, is full of pros and cons. National exam by most people regarded as activities that are less discerning in determining the assessment of students. However, on one hand, the government also requires certain standards to take measurements. In this case, further studies are still needed to discuss the national exam. The emergence of SBC curriculum and national exams problem, the high standards of judgment, as well as the percentage distribution of votes of government and independent schools, is the most significant issue at this time, because it raises a lot of problems for both students and schools.
School is one vehicle of education for primary and secondary levels. As a vehicle to support the implementation of the national education system, the human resources that are inside are also very calculated, because that's why a teacher as a professional educational resources are also required to have a high spirit to support the achievement of our educational continuity, as may be prescribed by regulations , Advanced study scholarships reserved for outstanding teachers will strongly support the professional development of education. So that the basic competencies required and competencies others also owned a teacher. Teachers no longer just refers to the techniques and methods of learning, but expanded with a variety of teaching abilities appropriate to the context and the times.
As a reflection of Pancasila and the Constitution of 1945, the government in this case the ministry of national education, through scholarships to poor students in various policy is also expected to accommodate those who might not be able to participate and engage in units and educational activities. Citizens who have more capability is also very helpful to set aside some of it has to promote scientific and ongoing tiered, either by building schools, making special educational programs, activities, courses, or specific competitions that improve the quality of the scientific community.
Indonesian society as stipulated in the law, is to have the widest possible opportunity to enjoy the provision of education nationally. Provisions such as those set by the government through the minister of national education, must be in line with the Constitution 45 and the needs of society in the field of science. Implementation of activities in the field of education by community members in teaching and learning is a form of synergy to advance the goal of national education systems and Indonesia, so the numbers of basic needs in education can be further suppressed. It would be in line with the wishes of the government and society in general to create national programs that are sensitive to developments.
Provisions of the applicable national education system, always follow the developments and changes in the rules provided by the government. This also refers to the particular needs of both analysts and critics as well as from the government. In supporting the development of better, the resources within his own government and society must always look for motivation in the field of scientific development and continuously and sustainably, creating order adequate national education program, both today and the future.
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